Workforce Bulletin

Last year, Massachusetts joined the growing list of states with pay equity legislation by passing an Act Relative To Salary Range Transparency (the “Law”). As we previously reported, the pay data reporting requirements of the Law went into effect earlier this year, requiring most large private employers to submit annual wage data reports to the Commonwealth. Employers need to be prepared to comply with the Law’s pay range disclosure requirements going into effect next month.

Ever since Colorado enacted the nation’s first law requiring employers to disclose salary compensation and employee benefits in job postings, a wave of states and multiple municipalities have followed suit.

While each jurisdiction generally requires employers to provide an estimated pay range on job postings or advertisements, the laws often vary with respect to their coverage and the scope of the information employers must disclose. This blog summarizes the latest pay transparency requirements that have already taken effect in 2025 or will take effect later this year.

Earlier this year, Washington enacted new amendments (the “2025 Amendments”) to its pay equity law, which will soon bring some relief to employers. Since 2023, the Equal Pay and Opportunities Act (EPOA) has required employers with at least 15 total employees and at least one Washington-based employee to include the wage scale, salary range, and other disclosures in covered job postings, as we previously explained here. The 2025 Amendments, among other things, clarify the remedies available under the EPOA and temporarily curb liability for employers who violate its pay transparency requirements. These modifications take effect on July 27, 2025.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday: This week, we explore Washington State’s new employment laws on reductions in force and background checks, digital labor law notices and pay equity measures in Ohio, and New York City’s enforcement of new employer obligations related to paid prenatal leave for employees.

• Washington Overhauls Employment Laws on Reductions in Force and Background Checks
• Ohio Leads the Way, Allowing Employers to Post Digital Labor and Employment Law Notices
• Pay Equity Expands in Ohio: Cleveland Passes Ordinance
• New York Paid Prenatal Leave: NYC Adds to State Mandate, Imposes More Employer Requirements
• Other Highlights

In April 2025, the City of Cleveland approved Ordinance No. 104-2025 (the “Ordinance”), which will impose a salary history ban and create a pay disclosure requirement for employers starting Monday, October 27, 2025. The latter provision – the first in the Buckeye State to require affirmative disclosure of wages or salary ranges for advertised positions – distinguishes this Ordinance from pay equity laws already enacted in other Ohio municipalities. The new pay equity measures will apply to the City of Cleveland and private employers with at least 15 employees working within Cleveland, including job placement and referral agencies working on behalf of another employer. We discuss both requirements below.

Salary History Ban

Like similar laws in Cincinnati, Columbus, and Toledo, the Ordinance broadly prohibits covered employers from:

• Asking about an applicant’s current or prior salary, including wages, commissions, hourly earnings, and any other monetary earnings, as well as benefits (collectively, their “salary history”);
• Screening applicants based on their salary history (including requiring an applicant’s former salaries to meet a threshold);
• Relying solely on an applicant’s salary history when deciding whether to make an offer of employment or determining their compensation; and
• Refusing to hire or otherwise retaliating against an applicant for not disclosing their salary history.

We previously reported that the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development (“NJDOL”) issued proposed regulations to implement New Jersey’s Temporary Workers’ Bill of Rights (the “Act”), including its pay equity requirement. On September 16, 2024, the NJDOL adopted N.J.A.C. 12:72 (the “Regulations”) implementing sections 1 through 7, and 10 of the Act, pertaining to “workplace protections, as well as temporary help service firm and third-party client responsibilities.” The key provisions are summarized below.

Pay Equity Requirement

Significantly, the Regulations provide a formula for calculating the minimum hourly rate of pay for temporary workers, which under the Act is determined by “the average rate of pay and average cost of benefits” of comparator employees, i.e., employees of the third-party client who perform:

the same or substantially similar work on jobs the performance of which requires equal skill, effort, and responsibility, and which are performed under similar working conditions for the third-party client at the time the temporary laborer is assigned to work at the third-party client.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday®: This week, we’re looking at recent state-level changes and legal trends that have varying degrees of impact on employers.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday: Efforts to address pay disparities have led to an increase in pay equity legislation that shows no signs of slowing down.

In this episode, Epstein Becker Green attorneys Kimberly Carter and Ann Knuckles Mahoney shed light on the dynamic shifts in pay equity laws across the nation.

From emerging trends to pivotal developments, discover how certain states are spearheading efforts to champion equal pay and enforce stringent pay data reporting requirements.

On January 1, 2023, Washington joined the growing list of states requiring pay transparency in job postings. Amendments (the “Amendments”) to the Washington State Equal Pay and Opportunities Act (the “EPOA”) require covered employers to disclose pay range, benefits, and other compensation in job postings. The Washington Department of Labor and Industries issued an administrative policy (the “Guidance”) to provide guidance regarding the broadened disclosure requirements.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we’re recapping some of the most significant changes that impacted employers in 2022.

On November 6, 2022, clocks will fall back an hour and in Westchester County, New York a new law requiring disclosure of salary ranges in job advertisements will take effect.

As we previously reported, Westchester, located just north of New York City and home to numerous corporate campuses, recently enacted an amendment to its local human rights law to require employers to state a minimum and maximum salary in any “posting” for jobs, promotions, and transfer opportunities. This comes on the heels of a similar law in New York City that took effect on November 1, 2022.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we’re breaking down new pay range disclosure laws emerging across the country and discussing how employers can comply with the requirements.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we look at updates ranging from discrimination issues and COVID-19 guidance to local pay transparency law compliance.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we look at a range of pay disclosure requirements that have come into effect in New York and New Jersey in the second half of 2022.

The California legislature has presented S.B. 1162 (“the Bill”) to Governor Gavin Newsom. If the Governor signs the Bill into law, California will follow the lead of jurisdictions like Colorado and New York City by requiring many employers to include pay scales in job postings. The Bill would also impose pay equity reporting requirements, not just on large employers obligated to do so under federal law, but on any private employer with 100 or more employees, including those whose “employees” are hired through labor contractors. Those reports will also have to include breakdowns of aggregate data not previously collected.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we look at a range of recent anti-harassment and gender equity updates from across the country.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we’re breaking down recent local- and state-level developments impacting compliance for employers.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we look at compliance and enforcement developments at the federal level and in the specific jurisdictions of New York City and California.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday:  This week, we look at a range of developments shifting the enforcement approach across federal agencies and how employers can comply with these shifts.

As featured in #WorkforceWednesday: This week, we’re recapping major items shifting at the state, local, and federal levels, including whistleblower retaliation case law, pay transparency rules, and federal labor policies.

Today is “Equal Pay Day” in the United States, a symbolic date used to focus attention on gaps that exist between men’s and women’s wages.  Current estimates show that women still only earn 82 cents for every dollar a man makes.  While there are various opinions about the pay gap and what it means, today is not a day to celebrate; rather it is a day for honest reflection.  Ask the question: is your pay system equitable?

While reflecting on Equal Pay Day, also ask, what can employers do?  Treat pay equity as a business imperative and do a deep dive on pay systems and data.  Start with a ...

Colorado has joined a growing movement of states in passing laws that provide greater protections to employees and job applicants. Among these are the Equal Pay for Equal Work Act and a ban the box law, which limits criminal history inquiries for job applicants. The following is a breakdown of Colorado’s newest employment laws and how their implementation may impact employers and employees alike.

Equal Pay

Effective January 1, 2021, the Equal Pay for Equal Work Act (the “Act”) will expressly prohibit employers from paying employees of different genders different wages for ...

Our colleague Amanda M. Gomez at Epstein Becker Green have recently published a post on the Hospitality Labor and Employment Law blog that will be of interest to our readers in the technology industry: “Colorado Joins Wave of States to Offer Heightened Employee Protections.”

Following is an excerpt:

Additionally, employers that can demonstrate a good faith effort through proactive measures to comply with the Act may be able to mitigate liability should a claim arise. Similar to “safe harbor” provisions in equal pay laws in Massachusetts and Oregon, such ...

Our colleague Amanda M. Gomez at Epstein Becker Green have recently published a post on the Hospitality Labor and Employment Law blog that will be of interest to our readers in the financial services industry: “Colorado Joins Wave of States to Offer Heightened Employee Protections.”

Following is an excerpt:

Additionally, employers that can demonstrate a good faith effort through proactive measures to comply with the Act may be able to mitigate liability should a claim arise. Similar to “safe harbor” provisions in equal pay laws in Massachusetts and Oregon ...

The federal Equal Pay Act (“EPA”) mandates equal pay for equal work regardless of sex.  Employers that pay men and women different wages for the same work are strictly liable for violations of the EPA unless they can show that one or more of four exceptions apply to explain the wage disparity. The four statutory exceptions are seniority, merit, the quantity or quality of the employee’s work, or “any other factor other than sex.”  The Ninth Circuit recently took up the question of the meaning of the fourth, catchall exception - “any factor other than sex” – in order to ...

Our colleagues Judah L. Rosenblatt, Jeffrey H. Ruzal, and Susan Gross Sholinsky, at Epstein Becker Green, have a post on the Hospitality Labor and Employment Law Blog that will be of interest to many of our readers in the technology industry: “Where Federal Expectations Are Low Governor Cuomo Introduces Employee Protective Mandates in New York.”

Following is an excerpt:

Earlier this week New York Governor Andrew D. Cuomo (D) signed two executive orders and announced a series of legislative proposals specifically aimed at eliminating the wage gap in gender, among other workers ...

Our colleagues Judah L. Rosenblatt, Jeffrey H. Ruzal, and Susan Gross Sholinsky, at Epstein Becker Green, have a post on the Hospitality Labor and Employment Law Blog that will be of interest to many of our readers in the financial services industry: “Where Federal Expectations Are Low Governor Cuomo Introduces Employee Protective Mandates in New York.”

Following is an excerpt:

Earlier this week New York Governor Andrew D. Cuomo (D) signed two executive orders and announced a series of legislative proposals specifically aimed at eliminating the wage gap in gender, among ...

Our colleagues Judah L. Rosenblatt, Jeffrey H. Ruzal, and Susan Gross Sholinsky, at Epstein Becker Green, have a post on the Hospitality Labor and Employment Law Blog that will be of interest to many of our readers in the retail industry: “Where Federal Expectations Are Low Governor Cuomo Introduces Employee Protective Mandates in New York.”

Following is an excerpt:

Earlier this week New York Governor Andrew D. Cuomo (D) signed two executive orders and announced a series of legislative proposals specifically aimed at eliminating the wage gap in gender, among other workers and ...

Earlier this week New York Governor Andrew D. Cuomo (D) signed two executive orders and announced a series of legislative proposals specifically aimed at eliminating the wage gap in gender, among other workers and strengthening equal pay protection in New York State. The Governor’s actions are seen by many as an alternative to employer-focused federal policies anticipated once President-elect Donald J. Trump (R) takes office.

Legislative Proposals

According to the Governor’s Press Release, the Governor will seek to amend State law to hold the top 10 members of out-of-state ...